Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

  1. In our Management Report why are some of the decisions marked with a symbol ?
  2. In most of our markets, we have the lowest product selling prices, so
    why don't we have the largest market share ?
  3. We are having trouble forecasting demand. Is there a simple technique we can use ?
  4. Does the reported 'backlog of orders' incorporate the 50% reduction ?
  5. Can we implement a product improvement, if none has been reported ?
  6. Will our sales fall, if we cut advertising after implementing a product improvement ?
  7. Can we transfer product stocks from one area to another?
  8. We have the highest wage rate so, why can't we recruit all the workers we want ?
  9. If we are short of cash, what is the impact of paying a dividend ?
  10. Why doesn't 'creditworthiness' take our positive cash balance into account ?
  11. Our Board just seem to argue. Is there any help on achieving consensus ?
  12. Our net worth (original capital plus reserves) is the highest in our group, so
    why isn't our share price also the highest ?



Q1. Why are some of our decisions marked with a symbol?

There are three reasons why some of your decisions may be marked with a symbol -

  1. A decision was not received, or was omitted, or illegible.
    (A default value is used instead)
  2. A decision was outside the limits allowed. The nearest valid number is substituted.
  3. A decision was not possible, given the current state of your company.
    (eg - you tried to deliver more products than you could possibly make)
For more detail, see under Management Report and the Guidance Note

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Q2. Why don't we have the largest market share?

Market share is determined by many factors, and not just selling price.

Price can be the key factor, if a product is basically a commodity - i.e. difficult to distinguish from the competition. If, however, products are effectively marketed and of high quality, then price is of lesser importance and other factors (for example, delivery) can be key in determining demand.

For more detail see the Guidance Note on product marketing image.

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Q3. Is there a simple forecasting technique we can use?

There are several techniques that you can use, but don't expect miracles!

The main problems with forecasting demand, as is often the case in the real world, are that there are many causal factors at work, and you have only a limited amount of data.

A statistical technique called multiple regression may be helpful for investigating some of these factors, but it doesn't really solve your problem. Even if you can exactly relate demand for your products to GDP and competitors' prices, you still have the problem of forecasting what they are going to be!

Other techniques, such as moving averages (de-seasonalising), exponential smoothing, or scatter diagrams and correlation analysis, are unlikely to be very effective with limited or short-run data.

+? add links to some references here

A simple approach is just to plot graphs of orders received for each product, in each market, on a time scale (all on the same sheet) and then try to explain the trends or variations in terms of known factors, such as price cuts, product improvements and seasonality.

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Q4. Does the reported 'backlog of orders' incorporate the 50% reduction ?

The order backlog quoted in the Management Report is half of the demand that was not met last quarter. With extra deliveries, you can satisfy this backlog next quarter.

If, however, you raise the price, then fewer customers will wish to take up these potential orders, the extent of any further reduction in demand depending on the size of the increase.

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Q5. Can we implement a product improvement, if none has been reported?

Implementing a product improvement has two effects -

  1. Any major improvements that have been reported AND not yet implemented will be implemented, even if they were reported several quarters ago.
  2. Any old stocks of that product will be sold at valuation price, in order to make way for deliveries of the improved product.
If you have substantial unsold stocks AND you are short of cash, then this decision can be used to increase your cash (for example to enable you to buy a new machine) or to reduce your borrowings (and interest paid).

Note that it does not directly affect your profit, because the value of the stock that is sold is replaced by an equal amount of cash. It may, however, indirectly affect your profitability because, normally, you would have made some profit when you eventually sold this stock.

Ask yourself, do you really need to do it?

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Q6. Will sales fall if we cut advertising after a product improvement ?

It all depends on other factors, but why would you want to ?

Surely, an improved product is worth promoting, perhaps even more strongly than before. Even if you have no spare capacity, you could charge a higher price for it (and thereby increase the profit margin) in order to keep demand subdued.

If you have spare capacity, increasing your market share is likely to be a much better option.

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Q7. Can we transfer product stocks between market areas?

Yes, product stocks can be 're-delivered' by entering a negative delivery amount on the decision form.

However, be careful that you enter at least the same positive amount in one or more other areas. The quantity to be produced is the net total of the planned deliveries to all areas (see also under Production scheduling - more detail)

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Q8. Why can't we recruit all the workers we want?

In this simulation, as in real life, things are just not that simple. Most aspects are the result of a combination of several (and sometimes many) different factors. It is, therefore, wrong to assume that recruiting success, or failure, is determined only by rates of pay.

For more detail, see Personnel and also the Guidance Note

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Q9. If we are short of cash, what is the impact of paying a dividend ?

It may help to boost your share price - but probably by very little.

Most shareholders, and potential investors, will not be impressed by a policy of aggravating your current, poor liquidity. It signals a future lack of flexibility and investment.

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Q10. Why doesn't 'creditworthiness' include our cash balance ?

Initially, this omission appears to be unreasonable, but your overdraft limit already takes account of any cash balance (see Table 18), and is included in your credit-worthiness.

If both your cash and overdraft limit were to be included in the definition of credit-worthiness, then it would be far too generous, other things being equal, to companies with plenty of cash, and unfair on companies with lower, or zero, cash balances.

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Q11. Is there any help on achieving team consensus ?

The 'slick' answer is to choose your team very carefully. This advice is not entirely silly - effective teams have members with different roles - thinkers and doers, leaders and followers, generalists and specialists etc. - you can't have a team full of leaders!

There are many (and conflicting) theories about teamworking, but most experts agree that balanced roles are essential, and that (some) team members may have to assume more than one role or, at least, change it from time to time. The work of Belbin, Myers and others on team roles is worth reading but, unfortunately, many websites on the subject seem to be mainly concerned with selling books, training courses or consultancy.

A brief guide -

See also the guidance note on organisation.

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Q12. Why isn't our share price the highest ?

A company's net worth is the basis for its share price, but does not determine it.

As with the answer to some previous questions, many other factors have to be taken into account, such as product quality, market share, dividend policy (past and prospective) etc.

In the real world, many companies have a share price in excess of their net asset value (NAV) per share, and some have a price well below it. Usually, the prospects for the former are very good - such as higher than average profitability, market share or growth - whereas, for the latter, the prospects are poor - for example, the company is burdened by debt, has obsolete products and/or is operating in a declining or difficult market.

A company's share price can also go through phases - for some considerable time the share price may be very stable and follow its NAV, more or less, but it then becomes more volatile and fluctuates according to new information (or rumours) both good and bad. This is particularly true when there is a prospect that the company could be taken over and, of course, this may be the case if some other organisation believes that the company is undervalued. Following a take-over, the company might be stripped of its undervalued assets, or turned round by an injection of new management, cash and ideas.

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